STATIC ROUTING LAB CONFIGURATION –  STATIC ROUTING , DEFAULT ROUTING , GNS3 LAB , STUB AREA NETWORK FOR CCNA NETWORK BEGINNER

Understanding IP Routing

IP routing is a process of travelling of IP packet hop by hop from source to destination across the networks. Only L3 device such as router or switch are used to configure and managed IP routing and provides best/shortest path information to IP packet to reaching the destination network. Router maintains routing table with the best path information for each destination network. When router receive the IP packet from the local network, it checks the IP headers and matches the destination IP address in the active routing table. If the destination network IP match found in the routing table then packet will be switched to the next hop.

Understanding Routing Table

Router maintains the routing table or routing information base (RIB) which keeps the current best path information alone with next hop.

DELHI#sh ip route
Codes: C – connected, S – static, R – RIP, M – mobile, B – BGP
       D – EIGRP, EX – EIGRP external, O – OSPF, IA – OSPF inter area
       N1 – OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 – OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 – OSPF external type 1, E2 – OSPF external type 2
       i – IS-IS, su – IS-IS summary, L1 – IS-IS level-1, L2 – IS-IS level-2
       ia – IS-IS inter area, * – candidate default, U – per-user static route
       o – ODR, P – periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 3 subnets
S       172.16.1.8 [1/0] via 172.16.1.2
S       172.16.1.4 [1/0] via 172.16.1.2
C       172.16.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
S    192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.1.2

Understanding Next hop

Next hop refers to the directly connected router or adjacency routers and next possible destination for IP packet. Router share the routing information to the directly connected router. 

Understanding Connected Route

Directly connected routes are those network which are directly configured on the router interfaces. You can check these routes in routing table with marked with C.

RMT#sh ip route

Gateway of last resort is 172.16.1.9 to network 0.0.0.0

     172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       172.16.1.8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 172.16.1.9
RMT#

Understanding Static IP Routing

Static routing is also called fixed routing. Static routes configurations are done by a network administrator by adding each route entry manually thru commands into a routing table. The Administrator needs to be updated routing table manually and keeps the routing table updated in case of any change. Unlike dynamic routing, static routing is preferred in smaller internetwork environment and where the administrator can effortlessly manage and control routing table among the routers.

Static Route configuration Syntax -: ip route <destination Network> <Mask> <Next Hop IP>

DELHI#sh ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

     172.16.0.0/30 is subnetted, 3 subnets
S       172.16.1.8 [1/0] via 172.16.1.2
S       172.16.1.4 [1/0] via 172.16.1.2
C       172.16.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
S    192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.1.2
DELHI#

Static Routing Advantages and Disadvantages.

Advantages of static routing.

• Static Routing easy to implements.
• Static Routing does not requires extra overhead and CPU processing and added resources.
• Static Routing does not requires bandwidth requirement caused by the no dynamic updates and routing table update exchange.
• Static Routing provides extra security by manually admitting or rejecting routing to certain networks.

Disadvantages of static routing.

• Network Administrators need to know the complete network topology in order to configure static routes correctly
• Topology change needs routing table entries are populated manually by a network administrator.
• Static Routing typically used in smaller networks.

Understanding Default Routes

A Default Route (also known as the gateway of last resort) and each unknown destination the packet is forwarded to the next hop toward the destination using the default route. Network Administrators generally point the default route toward the directly connected routing device that has a connection to a network service provider.

Default Route Configuration Syntax -: ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 <Next Hop IP>

In this article, we are going to setup a pretty simple network Lab for CCNA learners about how to configure static and default routing in Cisco IOS router.

Let me summaries the design and configuration setup-:

• Here, the network design with setup of 4 routers assumes on different location included one stub area network. All routers are connected point to point.
• Static route will be configured on (DELHI, HYD AND BANG ROUTERS). Stub area router (RMT) will be configured with default route.

FIGURE –     STATIC AND DEFAULT ROUTING LAB CONFIGURATION WITH STUB AREA NETWORK FOR CCNA NETWORK BEGINNER

Routers Configuration -:

DELHI#

interface FastEthernet0/0
 description WAN
 ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.252
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
 description LAN
 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
no ip http server
no ip http secure-server
ip route 172.16.1.4 255.255.255.252 172.16.1.2
ip route 172.16.1.8 255.255.255.252 172.16.1.2
ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.2

HYD#

interface FastEthernet0/0
 description Connected to DELHI
 ip address 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.252
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
  description Connected to BANG
 ip address 172.16.1.5 255.255.255.252
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
no ip http server
no ip http secure-server
ip route 172.16.1.8 255.255.255.252 172.16.1.6
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.1
ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.6
!

BANG#

interface FastEthernet0/0
 description Connected to HYD
 ip address 172.16.1.6 255.255.255.252
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
 description Connected to RMT
 ip address 172.16.1.9 255.255.255.252
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
no ip http server
no ip http secure-server
ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.252 172.16.1.5
ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.5
ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.10
!

RMT# (Stub Area Router)

interface FastEthernet0/0
 description Connected to BANG
 ip address 172.16.1.10 255.255.255.252
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
 description Connected to LAN
 ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
no ip http server
no ip http secure-server
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.9
!
!

Connectivity  Testing -:

DELHI#ping 192.168.2.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 80/108/156 ms

DELHI#ping 172.16.1.10

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.10, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 124/127/132 ms

RMT#ping 192.168.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 92/116/160 ms
RMT#
RMT#ping 172.16.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 64/97/132 ms
RMT#

Conclusion -:

Refers as best practice GNS3 Lab for CCNA networking students. This network Lab built on GNS3 platform. Network design included 4 cisco 3600 series routers IOS Version 15.0(1r)M16. All routers are connected point to point network and implemented static and default routing model included one stub area network.

Tag -:    Static Routing , Default Routing , Stub Area network , CCNA Lab configuration , GNS3 LAB , STUB AREA NETWORK FOR CCNA NETWORK BEGINNER